Developing a Thematic Trail as a Space for Informal Learning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v41i1.216Keywords:
thematic trail, informal learning , participatory action research, actor-network theory, inclusivityAbstract
Thematic trails can encourage informal learning in open spaces. The aim of the study was to develop a thematic trail that includes people with disabilities. The research was framed by the concepts of informal learning, actor-network theory, and the ethics of care, through which the authors interpret the thematic trail as an infrastructure that connects, encourages participation, and fosters learning. The research approach was participatory action research, which was conducted as part of practice in a project to develop sustainable tourism and cultural cooperation. The design thinking method was used to co-create, test, and improve the thematic trail. The model was tested in the Vipava Valley, Slovenia. Results show that for the development of an inclusive thematic trail model, it is important to establish support from the local community and the cooperation of local stakeholders at various levels, which enables mutual responsibility and commitment. Since the thematic trail is designed as a strategy for informal learning, it includes various experiential tasks that involve experiential learning.
References
1. Atalay, S. (2015). Exploring interpretive trails. Journal of Community Archeology in Heritage, 2(2), 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1179/2051819615Z.00000000030
2. Barad, K. (2007). Meeting the universe halfway: Quantum physics and the entanglement of matter and meaning. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12101zq
3. Beltramo, R., Taglio, I., & Bonadonna, A. (2025). Designing thematic tourist trails for local development: A framework based on territorial heritage. Land, 14(10), Article 1943. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14101943
4. Beck, L., Cable, T., & Knudson, D. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage for a better world. Sagamore-Venture Publishing.
5. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
6. Brudin Borg, C. (2022). Fusion: Co-created heritage in stories from the Camino de Santiago. In D. Svensson, K. Saltzman, & S. Sörlin (Eds.), Pathways: Exploring the routes of a movement heritage (pp. 152–166). The White Horse Press.
7. Caloggero, I. (2025). Interpretazione del patrimonio culturale: Principi, metodi e tecniche. Centro Studi Helios.
8. Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and the fishermen of St Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action and belief: A new sociology of knowledge? Routledge.
9. Carina, K. (2025). Adult learning and education on a micro-level. Focusing on real living conditions and their sociopolitical effects in neighbourhoods. In S. Kušić, M. Koludrović, & T. Žiljak (Eds.), Perspektive razvoja obrazovanja odraslih u sljedećem desetljeću. 10. Međunarodna znanstvena konferencija o obrazovanju odraslih (pp. 43–50). Filozofski fakultet u Splitu. https://www.ffst.unist.hr/images/50023363/Zbornik_10._konferencije_o_obrazovanju_odraslih.pdf
10. Drljić, K., & Kiswarday, V. R. (2021). Prepletenost rezilientnosti in inkluzivnih kompetenc bodočih učiteljev. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 36, (3-4),
3–25.
11. Fakin Bajec, J. (2024). Izzivi uporabe dediščine za reševanje okoljskih izzivov na primeru ustvarjanja vodne dediščine na Krasu. Etnolog, 34, str. 17–46.
12. Falk, J. H., & Dierking, L. D. (2018). Learning from museums: Visitor experiences and the making of meaning. Rowman in Littlefield.
13. Fenwick, T. (2014). Knowledge circulations in inter-para/professional practice: A sociomaterial enquiry. Journal of Vocational Education in Training, 66(3), 264–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/13636820.2014.917695
14. Fenwick, T., & Edwards, R. (Eds.) (2012). Researching education through actor-network theory. Wiley-Blackwell.
15. Fenwick, T., & Edwards, R. (2013). Performative ontologies: Sociomaterial approaches to educational research. Routledge.
16. Fenwick, T., Edwards, R., & Sawchuk, P. (2011). Emerging approaches to educational research: Tracing the socio-material. Routledge.
17. Furlan, M. (2024). Pomen javnega prostora za učenje pri različnih družbenih skupinah. [Doktorska disertacija, Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta].
18. Furlan, M. (ur.). (2025). Tematska pot kot strategija vseživljenjskega učenja. Ljudska univerza Ajdovščina.
19. Gallou, E. (2022). Heritage and pathways to wellbeing: From personal to social benefits, between experience identity and capability shaping. Wellbeing, Space and Society, 3, Article 100084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100084
20. Glüer, K., & Wikforss, Å. (2022). What is knowledge resistance? In J. Strömbäck, Å. Wikforss, K. Glüer, T. Lindholm, & H. Oscarsson (Eds.), Knowledge resistance in high-choice information environments (pp. 29–48). Routledge.
21. Hmelak, M., & Krajnc, N. (2024). Samoocena učiteljev o delu v inkluzivnem razredu. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 39(2), 36–52. https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v39i2.132
22. Iakovaki, E., Konstantakis, M., Teneketzis, A., & Konstantakis, G. (2023). Analyzing cultural routes and their role in advancing cultural heritage management within tourism: A systematic review with focus on the integration of digital technologies. Encyclopedia, 3(4), 1509–1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3040108
23. Katoppo, M., & Sudradjat, I. (2015). Combining Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Design Thinking (DT) as an alternative research method in architecture. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 184, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.05.069
24. Lange, E. A. (2024). Composing modernity: Pedagogical practices for emplacing ourselves within the living world. European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults – RELA, 15(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.3384/rela.2000-7426.5214
25. Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An introduction to actor-network-theory. Oxford University Press.
26. Martin, J., Serrano, J., Nowakowski, J., & Williamson, D. (2022). Heritage trails: Pathways to sustainable development goals. In D. Svensson, K. Saltzmann, & S. Sörlin (Eds.), Pathways: Exploring the Routes of a Movement Heritage (str. 240–263). The White Horse Press. https://doi.org/10.3197/63787710662654.ch12
27. McClain, L. R., & Zimmerman, H. T. (2020). Memories on the trail: Families connecting their prior informal learning experiences to the Natural World during Nature Walks. Journal of Interpretation Research, 21(2), str. 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/109258721602100203
28. Nevrelová, M., & Ružicková, J. (2019). Educational potential of educational trails in terms of their using in the pedagogical process (outdoor learning). European Journal of Contemporary Education, 8(3), 550–561. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejced.2019.3.550
29. Noël, C., Landschoot, L., Vanroelen, C., & Gadeyne, S. (2021). Social barriers for the use of available and accessible public green spaces. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 3, Article 744766. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2021.744766
30. Partalo, D., Šindić, A., & Ličen, N. (2022). Kompetence in medgeneracijsko učenje vzgojiteljev predšolskih otrok. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 37(1), 37–49. https://www.dspo.si/index.php/dspo/article/view/72
31. Poljak Istenič, S., & Fakin Bajec, J. (2021). Luxury food tour: Perspectives and dilemmas on the »luxurification« of local culture in tourism product. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 61(1), 169–184. https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.8960
32. Puig de la Bellacasa, M. (2017). Matters of care: Speculative ethics in more than human worlds. University of Minnesota Press.
33. Ravnikar, L., & Krajnčan, M. (2025). Inkluzija v visokem šolstvu. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 40(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v40i2.176
34. Rubin, J. C., Land, C. L., & Long, S. L. (2021). Mobilising new understanding: An actor-network analysis of learning and change in a self-directed professional development community. Professional Development in Education, 47(2-3), 315–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2021.1879227
35. Salih, S. A., Alzamil, W., Ajlan, A., Azmi, A., & Ismail, S. (2024). Typology of Informal Learning Spaces (ILS) in sustainable education: A systematic literature review in architecture and urban planning. Sustainability, 16(13), Article 5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16135623
36. Stolare, M., Ludvigsson, D., & Trenter, C. (2021). The educational power of heritage sites. History Education Research Journal, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.14324/herj.18.2.08
37. Vamberger, T., Drobnič, J., & Kiswarday, V. R. (2025). Sprejemanje učencev s posebnimi potrebami med njihovimi šolskimi vrstniki. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 40(2), 84–99. https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v40i2.174
38. Vaughn, L. M., Whetstone, C., Boards, A., Busch, M. D., Magnusson, M., & Määttä, S. (2018). Partnering with insiders: A review peer models across community-engaged research, education and social care. Health & Social Care in the Community, 26(6),
769–786. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12562
39. Widawski, K., & Oleśniewicz, P. (2019). Thematic tourist trails: Sustainability assessment methodology: The case of land flowing with milk and honey. Sustainability, 11(14), Article 3841. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143841
40. Wood, L. (2020). Participatory action learning and action research. Routledge.
41. Wylie, J. (2007). Landscape. Routledge.
42. Zou, H., Zhang, G., Sun, C., Landrum, L., Tang, Y., Hu, Y., Cheng, W., & Li, A. (2025). Thematic cultural heritage tourism trail planning integrating multi-source data and machine learning in Wuhan China. NPJ Heritage Science, 13, Article 547. https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-025-02081-3
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Meta Furlan, Nives Ličen, Mojca Blažič

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.


