Raba čustvenčkov v študentskih e-sporočilih: funkcije in namen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v41i2.182Ključne besede:
čustvenček, komunikacijska funkcija, digitalna komunikacija, e-sporočilo, analiza diskurzaPovzetek
Čustvenčki so danes postali nepogrešljivo in učinkovito neverbalno orodje za dodajanje in označevanje komunikacijskega tona sporočilom v spletni komunikaciji mladih, vse pogosteje pa se pojavljajo tudi v e-sporočilih študentov visokošolskim profesorjem. Cilj naše raziskave je bil analizirati komunikacijske funkcije, namen uporabe in tipologijo čustvenčkov na zbranem korpusu 564 e-sporočil visokošolskih študentov na Univerzi v Mariboru, Fakulteti za organizacijske vede. Rezultati kažejo, da je najpogosteje uporabljen čustvenček nasmejan obraz »smeško«, da študenti dajejo prednost pozitivnim in veselim čustvenčkom in da se ti najpogosteje pojavljajo v prošnjah in zahvalah. Analiza diskurza je pokazala, da čustvenčki pogosto opravljajo več funkcij. Večinoma delujejo kot čustveni in pragmatični označevalci, ki okrepijo ali omilijo namen sporočila. Študenti s čustvenčki izražajo čustveno stanje, blažijo resnost izjave, dodajajo humor, ustvarjajo prijaznejšo in bolj neformalno vzdušje in krepijo medosebne odnose. Kljub temu analiza kaže, da imajo čustvenčki le majhen vpliv na interpretacijo sporočila, saj so pogosto redundantni in služijo predvsem za potrditev že izraženega pomena.
Literatura
1. Ai, W., Lu, X., Liu, X., Wang, N., Huang, G. in Mei, Q. (2017). Untangling emoji popularity through semantic embeddings. V D. Ruths (ur.), Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media, 11(1), 2–11. https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/issue/view/271
2. Alshenqeeti, H. (2016). Are emojis creating a new or old visual language for new generations? A socio-semiotic study. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(6), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.6p.56
3. Al Rashdi, F. (2018). Functions of emojis in WhatsApp interaction among Omanis. Discourse, Context & Media, 26, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2018.07.001
4. Al-Yasin, N. F. (2024). The pragmatic functions of emojis in university-related Facebook group-posts: A gender-based study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 15(6), 2044–2050. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1506.29
5. Baggia, A., Žnidaršič, A. in Tratnik, A. (2022). Emoticons in student-professor email communication. Comunicar, 30(73), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.3916/C73-2022-10
6. Bai, Q., Dan, Q., Mu, Z. in Yang, M. (2019). A systematic review of emoji: Current research and future perspectives. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, članek 2221. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02221
7. Batič, J. in Haramija, D. (2024). Slikopis kot pripomoček za razvijanje multimodalne pismenosti. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 39(1), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v39i1.119
8. Biesenbach-Lucas, S. (2007). Students writing emails to faculty: An examination of e-politeness among native and non-native speakers of English. Language Learning and Technology, 11(2), 59–81. https://doi.org/10125/44104
9. Butterworth, S. E., Giuliano, T. A., White, J., Cantu, L. in Fraser, K. C. (2019). Sender gender influences emoji interpretation in text messages. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, članek 784. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00784
10. Cheng, L. (2017). ¿Digo lo que siento y siento lo que digo? Una aproximación transcultural al uso de los emoticones y emojis en los mensajes en CMC. Fonseca, Journal of Communication, 15(15), 199–217. https://revistas.usal.es/cuatro/index.php/2172-9077/article/view/fjc201715199217
11. Crombie, P. (2020). Faces, hearts and thumbs: Exploring the use of emoji in online teacher-student communications in higher education. Journal of Academic Language and Learning, 14(1), 30–41. https://journal.aall.org.au/index.php/jall/article/view/620
12. Crystal, D. (2012). Language and the Internet. Cambridge University Press.
13. Crystal, D. (2021). The past, present, and future of emojis. https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2021/07/02/the-past-present-and-future-of-emojis/
14. Cullington, M. (2020). Does texting affect writing? https://files.commons.gc.cuny.edu/wp-content/blogs.dir/11103/files/2020/02/Does-Texting-Affect-Writing.pdf
15. Cvek, M. in Pšunder, M. (2019). Možnosti in pasti uporabe mobilnega telefona: vidik učiteljev in učencev. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 34(1), 19–32. https://www.dspo.si/index.php/dspo/article/view/135
16. Čepon, S. (2018). Uporaba aplikacije Snapchat: nov način učenja angleške leksike? Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 33(3-4), 123–135. https://www.dspo.si/index.php/dspo/issue/view/91
17. Danesi, M. (2016). The semiotics of emoji: The rise of visual language in the age of the Internet. Bloomsbury Academic.
18. Daniel, T. A. in Camp, A. L. (2020). Emojis affect processing fluency on social media. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(2), 208–213. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000219
19. De, P. in Bakhshi, M. (2024). Managing uncertainties in technology-mediated communication: A qualitative study of business students' perception of emoji/emoticon usage in a business context. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 67(2), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2024.3382788
20. Dresner, E. in Herring, S. (2010). Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication Theory, 20(3), 249–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2010.01362.x
21. Fairclough, N. (2003). Analysing discourse: Textual analysis for social research. Routledge.
22. Fran, slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU. (2025). Različica 12.2. www.fran.si
23. Garrison, A., Remley, D., Thomas, P. in Wierszewski, E. (2011). Conventional faces: Emoticons in instant messaging discourse. Computers and Composition, 28(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2011.04.001
24. Gawne, L. in McCulloch, G. (2019). Emoji as digital gestures. Language@Internet, 17. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/li/article/view/37786
25. Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge University Press.
26. Haji H. in Bakir S. (2019). The use of emoticons among university students: A pragmatic study. Zanco Journal of Humanity Sciences, 23(1), 278–290. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjhs.23.1.19
27. Hamdan, H. J. (2022). The communicative functions of emojis: Evidence from Jordanian Arabic-speaking Facebookers. Psycholinguistics, 31(1), 141–172. https://doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2022-31-1-141-172
28. Holtgraves, T. (2024). Emoji, speech acts, and perceived communicative success. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 43(1), 83–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X231200450
29. Holtgraves T. in Robinson C. (2020). Emoji can facilitate recognition of conveyed indirect meaning. PLOS ONE, 15(4), članek e0232361. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232361
30. Inderasari, E., Rohmatika, A. in Kusmanto, H. (2023). Pragmatic functions of emojis in online learning communication: Cyberpragmatics study. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(1), 106–115. https://ijmmu.com/index.php/ijmmu/article/view/4215
31. Jaeger, S. R. in Ares, G. (2017). Dominant meanings of facial emoji: Insights from Chinese consumers and comparison with meaning from internet resources. Food Quality and Preferences, 62, 275–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2017.04.009
32. Jibril, T. A. in Abdullah, M. H. (2013). Relevance of emoticons in computer-mediated communication contexts: An overview. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 201–207.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n4p201
33. Ju, G. in Zhao, R. (2024). How do emoticons affect youth social interaction? The impact of emoticon use on youths online interpersonal interactions. Frontiers in Communication, 9, članek 1452633. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1452633
34. Karahasanović, D., Šterk, A., Nuhić, M., Nuhić, A., Prosen, M. in Ličen, S. (2025). Digitalna pismenost študentov v visokošolskem izobraževanju: pilotna raziskava. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 40(1), 124–138. https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v40i1.165
35. Kaye, L., Malone, S. in Wall, H. (2017). Emojis: Insights, affordances and possibilities for psychological science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(2), 66–68. https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/abstract/S1364-6613(16)30178-4
36. Li, L. in Yang, Y. (2018). Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet-based communication---a corpus-based study. Asian Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 3, članek 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-018-0057-z
37. Manganari, E. E. (2021). Emoji use in computer-mediated communication. The International Technology Management Review, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2991/itmr.k.210105.001
38. Manzolim, H. in Dela Cruz, M. (2024). HU U?: The impact of texting language on the academic writing proficiency of second language learners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 7(8), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.8.3
39. Marder, B., Houghton, D., Erz, A., Harris L. in Javornik, A. (2020). Smile(y) – and your students will smile with you? the effects of emoticons on impressions, evaluations, and behaviour in staff-to-student communication. Studies in Higher Education, 45(11), 2274–2286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1602760
40. Na’aman, N. Provenza, H. in Montoya, O. (2017). Varying linguistic purposes of emoji in (Twitter) context. V Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics- Student Research Workshop, (str. 136–141). Association for Computational Linguistics https://aclanthology.org/P17-3022.pdf
41. Ružić Baf, M. (2022). (Co)existence with a smartphone in the student population. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 37(3-4), 156–169. https://www.dspo.si/index.php/dspo/article/view/98
42. Sampietro, A. (2020). Use and interpretation of emoji in electronic-mediated communication: A survey. Visual Communication Quarterly, 27(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/15551393.2019.1707086
43. Shah, R. in Tewari, R. (2021). Mapping emoji usage among youth. Journal of Creative Communications, 16(1), 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973258620982541
44. Tang, Y. in Hew, K. (2018). Emoticon, emoji, and sticker use in computer-mediated communications: Understanding its communicative function, impact, user behavior, and motive. V L. Dneg, W. W. K. Ma in C. W. R. Fong (ur.), New media for educational change: Educational communications and technology yearbook (str. 191–201). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8896-4_16
45. Thompson, D. in Filik, R. (2016). Sarcasm in written communication: Emoticons are efficient markers of intention. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 21(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcc4.12156
46. Toilibayevich Kenenbayev, E. (2024). New means of written communication and their impact on the modern virtual communication process. Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal, 5(3), 219–226. https://mentaljournal-jspu.uz/index.php/mesmj/article/view/503
47. Tratnik, A., Gak, D., Baggia, A., Jerebic, J., Rajkovič, U., Grbić, T., Duraković, N., Medić, S. in Žnidaršič, A. (2024). Factors influencing student-professor email communication in higher education. Education and Information Technologies, 29(3), 3497–3523.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11944-w
48. Univerza v Mariboru. Medijsko središče (25. 11. 2024). Okrevanje UM po kibernetskem napadu. https://www.um.si/objava/obvestilo-o-kibernetskem-napadu
49. Walther, J. B. in D’Addario, K. P. (2001). The impacts of emoticons on message interpretation in computer-mediated communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19(3), 324–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/089443930101900307
50. Yang, X. in Liu, M. (2021). The pragmatics of text-emoji co-occurrences on Chinese social media. Pragmatics, 31(1), 144–172. https://doi.org/10.1075/prag.18018.yan
51. Yus, F. (2011). Cyberpragmatics. Internet-mediated communication in context. John Benjamins Publishing.
52. Yus, F. (2014). Not all emoticons are created equal. Linguagem (Dis)curso, 14(3), 511–529. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-4017-140304-0414
53. Zappavigna, M. in Logi, L. (2024). Emoji and social media paralanguage visual paralanguage in the digital age: Unraveling the role of emojis in social media communication. Cambridge University Press.
Prenosi
Objavljeno
Kako citirati
Številka
Rubrike
Licenca
Avtorske pravice (c) 2026 Alenka Tratnik
To delo je licencirano pod Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 mednarodno licenco.
