Motivations and Experiences of Non-Traditional Adult Students in Slovenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55707/ds-po.v40i2.177Keywords:
non-traditional students, adults, tertiary education, study, lifelong learningAbstract
Non-traditional adult students encounter more challenges than traditional students, and their numbers are steadily increasing. The article presents the results of a qualitative study examining the motives and experiences of non-traditional adult students in Slovenia. The research reveals diverse motives for enrolling in tertiary education. Some students are driven by strong intrinsic motivation, focusing on learning and personal development. In contrast, other students are goal-oriented, aiming to achieve career objectives, with economic motives or motives related to professional development dominating. Most interviewees report positive experiences with the teaching staff, underscoring the importance of support given by educational personnel. Nonetheless, they express dissatisfaction with the monotony of lectures and the lack of practical content, highlighting the need to adapt educational programmes to the requirements of adult students. Balancing academic obligations with other life roles poses a significant challenge, with insufficient time often being a pronounced issue. Financial barriers are often at the forefront as well, especially for students who self-finance their studies. Despite these obstacles, non-traditional adult students exhibit a high level of adaptability and time-optimisation skills.
References
Babb, S. (2022). Meeting the needs of nontraditional undergraduate students. Information Science Reference. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8323-4
Bellare, Y., Smith, A., Cochran, K. in Lopez, S. G. (2023). Motivations and barriers for adult learner achievement: Recommendations for institutions of higher education. Adult Learning, 34(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/10451595211059574
Blažič, M. (2021). Prispevek visokošolskega učnega okolja h kariernemu razvoju študentov. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 36(1), 93–113.
Brečko, D. (2018). Motivacija odraslih za pridobivanje in nadgradnjo znanja. Andragoški center Slovenije. https://isio.acs.si/doc/N-575-1.pdf
Chen, J. C. (2017). Nontraditional adult learners: The neglected diversity in postsecondary education. SAGE Open, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017697161
Choy, S. (2002). Nontraditional graduates. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2002/2002012.pdf
Chung, E., Turnbull, D. in Chur-Hansen, A. (2014). Who are ‘non-traditional students’? Educational Research and Reviews, 9(22), 1224–1238.
Compton, J. I., Cox, E. in Laanan, F. S. (2006). Adult learners in transition. New Directions for Student Services, 114, 73–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ss.208
Council of the EU. (2021). Council Resolution on a strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training towards the European Education Area and beyond (2021–2030). 2021/C 66/01. Official Journal, C66, 1–21.
Cross, K. P. (1981). Adults as learners. Jossey-Bass.
Čelebič, T. (2010). Izbrani vidiki izobraževanja odraslih v Sloveniji in mednarodna primerjava z državami EU-27 (letn. 19, št. 8). Urad RS za makroekonomske analize in razvoj. https://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:doc-WCYEGKSZ
Čelebič, T., Drofenik, O., Ivančič, A., Jelenc-Krašovec, S., Mohorčič Špolar, V. A. in Zver, E. (2011). Izobraževanje odraslih v Sloveniji: stanje in izzivi. Pedagoški inštitut.
Deci, E. L. in Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7
Deggs, D. (2011). Contextualizing the perceived barriers of adult learners in an accelerated undergraduate degree program. The Qualitative Report, 16(6).
Donaldson, J. F. in Graham, S. (1999). A model of college outcomes for adults. Adult Education Quarterly, 50(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/074171369905000103
Dubaseniuk, A., Voznyuk, A. in Samoilenko, O. (2020). Kakovost izobraževanja – ukrajinske izkušnje. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 35(1), 132–144.
Ellis, H. (2019). A nontraditional conundrum: The dilemma of nontraditional student attrition in higher education. College Student Journal, 53(1), 24–32.
Eurostat. (2023). Adult learning statistics. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Adult_learning_statistics
Eurydice. (2021). Adult education and training in Europe: Building inclusive pathways to skills and qualifications. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2797/788535
Feinstein, L. in Sabates, R. (2008). Skills and social productivity. V C. Flint in C. Hughes (ur.), Not just the economy: The public value of adult learning. NIACE.
Gianakos, I. (1996). Career development differences between adult and traditional-aged learners. Journal of Career Development, 22(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484539602200304
Hashim, K. F., Tan, F. B. in Rashid, A. (2015). Adult learners’ intention to adopt mobile learning: A motivational perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 46(2), 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12148
Herzog, M. (2020). How to define the adult in 2020? International Journal of Business and Social Science Research, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.47742/ijbssr.v1n3p1
Hmelak, M., Rudaš, A. in Lepičnik Vodopivec, J. (2020). Vključevanje študentov v razvoj inovativnih izobraževalnih modelov. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 35(3–4), 147–163.
Houle, C. O. (1961). The inquiring mind. University of Wisconsin Press.
Hussar, W. J. in Bailey, T. M. (2014). Projections of Education Statistics to 2022. Forty-First Edition NCES 2014-051. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED544761
Hussar, W. J. in Bailey, T. M. (2020). Projections of education statistics to 2028. Institute of Education Sciences. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020024.pdf
Jelenc, Z. (2016). Vseživljenjskost učenja in izobraževanje odraslih. Educa.
Jelenc, Z. (2018). Izobraževanje odraslih v Sloveniji pred tranzicijo in po njej. Založba Univerze v Ljubljani. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.24.4.69-88
Juriševič, M., Šorgo, A. in Boh Podgornik, B. (2017). Motivacija, učenje in informacijska pismenost dodiplomskih študentov. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 32(2), 101–116.
Kim, A. in Merriam, S. B. (2004). Motivations for learning among older adults in a learning in retirement institute. Educational Gerontology, 30(6), 441–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270490445069
Korhonen, V. in Portaankorva-Koivisto, P. (2021). Adult learners’ career paths – from IT profession to education within two-year study programme in Finnish university context. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 40(2), 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/02601370.2021.1900939
Krajnc, A. (1979). Metode izobraževanja odraslih: andragoška didaktika. Delavska enotnost.
Krajnc, A. (1982). Motivacija za izobraževanje. Delavska enotnost.
Kump, S. in Jelenc-Krašovec, S. (2009). Vseživljenjsko učenje: izobraževanje starejših odraslih. Pedagoški inštitut.
Laznik, G. (2020). Motivacijski faktorji odraslih za izobraževanje na področju zdravstvene nege. Didactica Slovenica – Pedagoška obzorja, 35(2), 126–142.
Ličen, N. (2009). Uvod v izobraževanje odraslih. Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani.
MacDonald, K. (2018). A review of the literature: the needs of nontraditional students in postsecondary education. Strategic Enrollment Management Quarterly, 5(4), 159–164. https://doi.org/10.1002/sem3.20115
Macuh, B. in Stegne, M. (2024). Pomen izobraževanja odraslih. Sociološka spoznanja, 1(1), 6–13.
Mihalj, I. (2018). Experience of individual EU member states in education of adults. Izzivi prihodnosti, 3(3), 116–129.
Mikulec, B. (2018). Some trends in the development of adult education – Adult education at the crossroads of science, politics and practice. Andragoška spoznanja, 24(2), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.24.2.3-18
Mikulec, B. (2019). Evropeizacija izobraževanja: izobraževanje odraslih med teorijo, evropsko in nacionalnimi politikami ter prakso. Znanstvena založba Filozofske fakultete.
Možina, T., Klemenčič, S., Vilič Klenovšek, T., Zorić, M., Jurič, A. in Orešnik Cunja, J. (2013). Kazalniki kakovosti izobraževanja odraslih. Andragoški center Slovenije.
Pelletier, S. G. (2010). Success for adult students. Public Purpose, 12, 2–6.
Radford, A. W., Cominole, M. in Skomsvold, P. (2015). Demographic and Enrollment Characteristics of Nontraditional Undergraduates: 2011-12. Web Tables. NCES 2015-025. National Center for Education Statistics. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED581707
Radovan, M. (2002). Ovire odraslih pri vključevanju v izobraževanje. Andragoška spoznanja, 8(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.8.1.24-31
Radovan, M. (2008). Motivacijski profili odraslih v formalnem izobraževanju. Andragoška spoznanja, 14(1–2), 77–85. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.14.1-2.77-85
Remenick, L. (2019). Services and support for nontraditional students in higher education: A historical literature review. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 25(1), 113–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477971419842880
Rendón, L. I., Jalomo, R. E. in Amaury, N. (2000). Theoretical considerations in the study of minority student retention in higher education. V Reworking the student departure puzzle (str. 127–156). Vanderbilt University. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv176kvf4.10
Rhijn, T., Donna, L., Bridge, K. in Fritz, V. (2016). Unmet needs: Challenges to success from the perspectives of mature university students. Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education, 29(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.56105/cjsae.v28i1.4704
Skaalvik, E. M. in Finbak, L. (2001). Adult education in Great Britain, Norway and Spain. Tapir Academic Press.
SURS. (2023). V terciarno izobraževanje vpisanih manj študentov kot leto prej. Statistični urad Republike Slovenije.
Taylor, J. in House, B. (2010). An exploration of identity, motivations and concerns of non-traditional students at different stages of higher education. Psychology Teaching Review, 16(1), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsptr.2010.16.1.46
Titmus, C. J. (ur.). (1989). Lifelong education for adults: An international handbook. Pergamon.
Uradni list Republike Slovenije. (2022). Javni razpisi. https://www.uradni- list.si/_pdf/2022/Ra/r2022099.pdf
Winter, K. (2006). Case study: Motivation of lower educated people for adult basic education in Belgium (str. 86–96). The Fifth ERDI Expert Seminar.
Witkowsky, P., Mendez, S., Ogunbowo, O., Clayton, G. in Hernandez, N. (2016). Nontraditional student perceptions of collegiate inclusion. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 64(1), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2016.1130581


